TYPES OF CLINOORTHOSTATIC BLOOD PRESSURE REACTIONS IN HIGHLY TRAINED ATHLETES WITH VARIOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF HEART RHYTHM

This article presents the results of a study of the types of clinoorthostatic blood pressure responses in highly skilled athletes with various characteristics of autonomic heart rate regulation. Twenty-four Smolensk football Candidate Masters of Sports participated in the study. The Student’s t-test was calculated for values in normally distributed populations. In the absence of a normal distribution, the Wilcoxon T-test was calculated for related samples, and the Mann – Whitney test was used for independent samples. The distribution of features was analyzed for normality using the Shapiro – Wilk test. It was found that at the beginning of the experiment, football players with moderate dominance of the autonomic (parasympathetic) circuit of autonomic regulation (type III) showed normotonic shifts in blood pressure and heart rate in response to post-exercise clinoorthostasis. Athletes with a predominantly central (sympathetic) heart rate control system exhibited initial manifestations of a hypertensive-type cardiovascular response to physical and gravitational stress. As a result of the training process, the greatest changes in anaerobic endurance were observed in those with types III and IV autonomic regulation, due to the greater stress placed on their body’s regulatory systems during the recovery period. In post-exercise clinostasis, hypertensive and stepwise blood pressure and pulse responses predominated, while in orthostasis, secondary and primary hypersympathicotonic autonomic reactivity were detected. This requires a reduction in the volume and intensity of exercise before the competitive period, in line with the concept of high-quality medical and biological diagnostics. In football players with a dominant central autonomic regulation circuit (types I and II), smaller delta increases in anaerobic endurance were accompanied by a hypotonic type of blood pressure and heart rate response during post-exercise clinostasis. Subsequent orthostasis revealed orthostatic hypotension syndrome combined with postural orthostatic tachycardia, which requires adjustments to training programs to improve tolerance to physical and gravitational loads.