Authors
- Yakovenko Nataliya Vladimirovna Doctor of Geography, Professor Russian Federation Voronezh
- Semina Irina Anatolyevna Russian Federation Saransk
- Folomeykina Larisa Nikolaevna Russian Federation Saransk
Annotation
Demographic aging forms structural imbalances in regional labour markets,
most pronounced in the Volga Federal District, which combines developed industrial centers
and depressed areas. In this regard, the development and testing of a methodology for the ty-
pological grouping of the regions of the Volga Federal District based on an integral index
that synthesizes the parameters of labour market intensity and the depth of demographic
aging is due to the need to move from stating differences to developing differentiated
management strategies. The leading research method was the multidimensional statisti-
cal typology, which allowed for the identification of homogeneous groups of the regions
of the Volga Federal District based on the synthesis of demographic indicators and labour
market parameters. Min-max normalization, calculation of partial (demographic aging
and labour market intensity indices) and integral (demographic-economic tension index)
indices, methods of statistical grouping and two-dimensional typologization were used.
Significant differentiation of the regions of the Volga Federal District was revealed: the va-
lues of the integral index varied from 0.217 (Nizhny Novgorod Region) to 0.644 (Republic
of Mordovia, Penza Region) with an average of 0.428 (CV = 34.8 %). Three groups were
identified: 1) “crisis zone” (Republic of Mordovia, Penza, Kirov, Ulyanovsk Regions) —
critical parameters of aging and high unemployment; 2) “transition zone” (8 regions)
with subgroups of “hidden risk” and “adapted” territories; 3) “well-being poles” (Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod Region), compensating the age structure with agglomera-
tion effects. Correlation analysis confirmed the negative impact of aging on employment
(r = –0.64) and the key role of low birth rates as a stress factor (r = –0.72). The results
presented in the article allow us to conclude that the proposed methodology contributes
to the justification of differentiated measures of regional policy: in the regions of the “cri-
sis zone,” it is advisable to implement a set of measures to stimulate birth rates, retain
young people, and adapt jobs for older age groups; in the regions of the “transition zone,”
it is advisab le to organize systematic monitoring and preventive regulation.
How to link insert
Yakovenko, N. V., Semina, I. A. & Folomeykina, L. N. (2026). TYPOLOGICAL GROUPING OF THE REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT BASED ON AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF LABOR MARKET INTENSITY AND DEMOGRAPHIC AGING Bulletin of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology", 3 (63), 68-92. https://doi.org/10.24412/2076-9091-2026-363-68-92
References
1.
1. Anoshina Yu. F., Simonov S. Yu. Unevenness of demographic processes in Russia: re-
gional disproportions and their impact on socio-economic development. Procee dings of the South-
western State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management. 2025;15(5):95–114.
(In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2025-15-5-95-114. EDN: ADLYEU.
2.
2. Arkadyeva O. G. Structural imbalances in employment and unemployment in regional
labor markets. Oeconomia et Jus. 2025;(4):1–16. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47026/2499-
9636-2025-4-1-16. EDN: LCHJCY.
3.
3. Vorobyeva O. D., Topilin A. V., Nioradze G. V., Khrolenko T. S. The relationship
between migration and demographic aging of the population in Russian regions: an analysis
by age groups. Population. 2024;27(2):149–164. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/1561-
7785-2024-2-149-164. EDN: RBTPNA.
4.
4. Vorobyeva O. D., Topilin A. V., Nioradze G. V., Khrolenko T. S. Trends in labor
employment of pensioners by occupation and type of economic activity in 2017-2022. Social
and Labor Studies. 2024;54(1):60–72. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2024-
54-1-60-72. EDN: PCCBDU.
5.
5. Gavrilenko Yu. E. Working conditions index and its impact on employment in Rus-
sian regions. Federalism. 2025;30(3):171–183. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-
1051-2025-3-171-183. EDN: RDZXET.
6.
6. Dobrokhleb V. G. Dynamics of demographic aging of ethno-national regions
of the Russian Federation in the second and early third decade of the XXI century. Prob-
lems of Territory Development. 2024;28(6):112–122. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15838/
ptd.2024.6.134.8. EDN: LEYLDE.
7.
7. Dobrokhleb V. G., Kondakova N. A. Typologization and socio-economic as-
pects of the formation of demographic aging of the population in Russian regions. Prob-
lems of Territory Development. 2022;26(4):98–110. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15838/
ptd.2022.4.120.7. EDN: NWTBQC.
8.
8. Kashepov A. V. Typology of Russian regions by employment level in key econo-
mic sectors and socio-economic indicators. Social and Labor Studies. 2024;56(3):32–41.
(In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2024-56-3-32-41. EDN: NGHMTJ.
9.
9. Koshevoy O. S. Methodology for forecasting the situation on the regional labor
market. Organizer of Production. 2023;31(1):171–182. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.36622/
VSTU.2023.46.61.013. EDN: QVNLTP.
10.
10. Koshevoy O. S. Assessment of the tension coefficient in the labor market. Regional
aspect. Statistics and Economics. 2023;20(2):13–20. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-
3925-2023-2-13-20. EDN: GTMHME.
11.
11. Kuznetsova M. N., Vasilyeva A. S. Monitoring and assessment of regional differen-
tiation of the labor market in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. North and Market:
Formation of Economic Order. 2025;(3):97–120. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37614/2220-
802X.3.2025.89.007. EDN: KBXVRM.
12.
12. Kulikova N. A. Analysis of the current state of the labor market in Russia. Young
Scientist. 2025;(602):244–246. EDN: JRGTDR. (In Russ.).
13.
13. Kupryashin G. L., Drobysheva E. S. Depressed territories as objects of strategic
planning. Public Administration. Electronic Bulletin. 2025;(109):167–184. (In Russ.).
https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU2070-1381-109-2025-167-184. EDN: TCNNGD.
14.
14. Lokosov V. V., Ryumina E. V., Ulyanov V. V. Clustering of Russian regions by indi-
cators of quality of life and quality of population. Population. 2019;22(4):4–17. (In Russ.).
https://doi.org/10.24411/1561-7785-2019-00035. EDN: GKCMLZ.
15.
15. Oveshnikova L. V., Sibirskaya E. V. Analysis of regional demographic threats
in the context of ensuring economic security. National Interests: Priorities and Security.
2025;21(1):37–54. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24891/ni.21.1.37. EDN: TQWVTB.
16.
16. Rostovskaya T. K., Ryazantsev S. V. et al. Demographic development of Russia:
formation and evolution of the scientific school of L. L. Rybakovsky: monograph. Yaroslavl:
Filigran. 2025. 208 p. EDN: PLBWSX. (In Russ.).
17.
17. Rostovskaya T. K., Shabunova A. A. et al. Demographic well-being of Russian re-
gions. National Demographic Report 2024. Vologda: Vologda Research Center of the Russian
Academy of Sciences. 2025. 385 p. EDN: GTPIJV. (In Russ.).
18.
18. Solovieva T. S. Demographic landscape of labor force formation in the North-West
of Russia. Bulletin of TvSU. Series: Economics and Management. 2025;(1):133–145.
(In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2025.1.133-145. EDN: EDWMMF.
19.
19. Syupova M. S., Khalikova S. S. Tension in the labor market as an indicator of econo-
mic security of the region. Power and Administration in the East of Russia. 2023;(102):70–78.
(In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2023-102-1-70-78. EDN: DQPWDX.
20.
20. Topilin A. V., Vorobyeva O. D. Dynamics and regional features of labour market
recovery during covid-19. Economy of Regions. 2023;19(1):85–98. (In Russ.). https://doi.
org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-7. EDN: KPKUFE.
21.
21. Uzyakova E. S. Informal employment and structural imbalances in the labor market.
Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2024;17(6):167–183. (In Russ.).
https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2024.6.96.9. EDN: OSUCAZ.
22.
22. Shcherbakova E. M. Older generations of Russians, 2025. Demoscope Weekly.
2025:1079–1080. EDN: LNMCQO. (In Russ.).
23.
23. Yakovenko N. V., Porosenkov Yu. V. Theoretical and methodological approaches
to the study of depressed regions of Russia. Bulletin of Voronezh State University. Series:
Geography. Geoecology. 2013;(2):10–21. EDN: RLMGCB. (In Russ.).
24.
24. Chugunova N. V., Lisetskii F. N., Narozhnyaya A. G., Polyakova T. A., Morkov-
skaya D. N. Metropolization process in the rural settlement system of the Central Chernozem
Region of Russia. Geography, Environment, Sustainability. 2024;17(3):98–108. https://doi.
org/10.24057/2071-9388-2024-3168. EDN: GGUAZD.